The Platform

Five scores.
One architecture.

Each module addresses a distinct dimension of overdose intelligence. All share a common data pipeline, API layer, and the same core principle: signal indicators that describe conditions, not verdicts that assign blame.

ACS

Area Condition Score

30-day rolling Census block group Public + Credentialed

The Area Condition Score is a composite neighborhood-level risk signal answering: which parts of San Francisco show the strongest constellation of conditions associated with elevated overdose risk? It measures social and environmental precursors that research has shown to precede overdose concentration — not overdoses directly.

v1.0 component weights are derived from peer-reviewed literature and documented in the methodology. Empirical validation against SF OCME census-tract mortality data is planned for v1.1.

ComponentWeightEvidence Basis
SRO housing density0.20Rowe et al. 2019 — 19.3× mortality elevation (PMID 31581024)
EMS overdose call density0.20Direct observed demand signal — SFFD Dispatch (DataSF)
311 complaint composite0.18Li et al. 2020 — code violation 0.92, public health 0.89, street lighting 0.83 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-76685-z)
Social Vulnerability Index0.15CDC/ATSDR SVI 2022 — 16-variable nationally validated composite
Business closure rate0.12Athens et al. 2020 urban blight-health nexus (PMID 32645013)
Rent velocity index0.08Displacement/gentrification as overdose risk precursor — Fink et al. 2024 systematic review
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 score0.05OEHHA CalEnviroScreen 4.0 — 21-indicator validated CA composite
Residential vacancy rate0.02Athens et al. 2020; Choi et al. 2022 Cincinnati spatial clustering
Primary usersDPH program planners, harm reduction outreach, city planning
Update cycle30-day rolling primary · 90-day trend layer
ResolutionCensus block group (credentialed) · ZIP/neighborhood (public)
Data sourcesDataSF 311 Cases · SFFD Dispatch · CDC SVI · OEHHA CalEnviroScreen · SF Planning vacancy · DataSF business registry
v1.0 statusWeights from literature review. v1.1 will apply logistic regression validation against OCME census-tract mortality data.
Limitations311 weights derived from Columbus, OH 2008–2017. SRO data from 2010–2017. Both require SF-specific revalidation in v1.1.
EES

EMS Effectiveness Score

30-day rolling Neighborhood level Credentialed only

The EMS Effectiveness Score measures the alignment between observed EMS system capacity and overdose demand across geographic areas. It is explicitly not a unit performance evaluation, not an individual responder assessment, and not a basis for disciplinary action. It is a system-level signal: where is there a measurable gap between where overdoses are occurring and where EMS resources are reaching them effectively?

Governance

EES outputs require 30-day SFFD/DPH leadership preview before publication. Enforced at the API endpoint layer. Every EES response carries the mandatory signal disclaimer. Outputs describe system conditions — not unit, station, or individual performance.

Primary usersEMS medical directors, DPH leadership, city performance analytics
Response standardSF EMSA policy: ambulances within 10 minutes for 90% of life-threatening emergencies
UHU benchmark911-only systems: 0.30–0.50 UHU (Fitch & Knight, ICMA InFocus 2015)
Post-OD risk5.5% of patients discharged from ED after opioid overdose died within 1 year (Weiner et al. 2020)
Data sourcesSFFD Dispatch (DataSF) · SF EMSA leave-behind registry · SF OCME preliminary OD data
AccessCredentialed tier only. Manual approval. Org affiliation and use statement required.
NCS

Naloxone Coverage Score

Weekly Block group level Public access

The Naloxone Coverage Score maps the spatial relationship between naloxone access points and overdose call density. It identifies coverage deserts — areas where overdose risk is elevated but naloxone access within walkable distance is absent.

Research in SF (Rowe et al. 2016) and Baltimore (Yi et al. 2022) demonstrates that physical proximity to naloxone distribution sites is significantly and inversely associated with overdose mortality. The NCS operationalizes this as a resource alignment diagnostic: not who is distributing naloxone, but where coverage is insufficient relative to demand.

Primary usersDPH harm reduction planners, community organizations, public
Update cycleWeekly — coverage point registry updated as new sites added
Coverage radius400 meters walkable threshold. Secondary 800m analysis for census tract level.
Evidence basisRowe et al. 2016 (SF, PMID 26800987) · Yi et al. 2022 (Baltimore, PMID 35691087)
ContextSF distributed 158,000+ naloxone doses in FY 23–24 (DPH ODP 2024).
AccessPublic — map and coverage gap scores visible without registration.
PCSS

PSH Community Signal Score

Monthly Facility level Pre-publication review required

The PSH Community Signal Score measures observable changes in EMS, police, and 311 service patterns around a permanent supportive housing facility before and after opening. It does not evaluate operator quality, resident behavior, or program success. It describes what is publicly observable from city service data.

Pre-publication review by DPH and the housing operator is an architectural requirement enforced at the API layer — not a policy preference.

Pre-Publication Review — Architectural Enforcement

PCSS endpoints return pending_review status until a 30-day review window has elapsed and review completion is logged in the database. No PCSS output reaches any user before review completion. No exceptions.

Primary usersSF DPH, city planning, housing agencies, academic researchers
Update cycleMonthly computation · 30-day pre-publication review window
Comparison12-month pre-opening baseline · 6, 12, 24-month post-opening observation
MeasuresChange in EMS, 311, and police service calls within 400m and 800m buffer zones pre/post facility opening
Does not measureOperator quality · Resident behavior · Program success · Causal attribution
AccessCredentialed only — with mandatory 30-day pre-publication review.
STI

Synthetic Threat Index

Weekly baseline Real-time alert on spike Public Tiers 2–3 Credentialed Tier 1

The Synthetic Threat Index is the only MERIDIAN module that generates real-time alerts, and the only one designed to anticipate conditions rather than describe them retrospectively. It addresses a documented gap: San Francisco identified its first cychlorphine death post-mortem.

Tier 1
Wastewater Signal
Novel compound detected in SF wastewater monitoring. Credentialed access only. Requires active DPH wastewater surveillance partnership — Phase 2 target, not operational at Phase 1 launch.
Tier 2
EMS Dispatch Anomaly
Statistically significant spike in overdose calls with unusual presentation patterns within a rolling 24-hour window. Public alert within 2 hours of threshold breach.
Tier 3
OCME Preliminary Toxicology Signal
Novel compound identified in SF OCME preliminary toxicology. Public alert within 24 hours of OCME report publication.
Primary usersHarm reduction orgs (alert), EMS medical directors (credentialed), DPH (all tiers)
Update cycleWeekly baseline · Alert within 2hrs (Tier 2) or 24hrs (Tier 3)
Cychlorphine∼10× fentanyl potency (in vitro estimate, CFSRE Jan 2026). Not detected by fentanyl test strips. First SF death April 2026.
XylazineFirst SF detection mid-Dec 2022. Present in 27 of 625 SF deaths in 2025.
Phase 1 limitTier 1 requires DPH partnership not yet established. Tiers 2–3 operational at launch.
Data sourcesSFFD Dispatch (real-time) · SF OCME monthly preliminary reports · Phase 2: SF DPH wastewater